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- A celestial body orbiting around the Sun with an orbit quite eccentric.
- Typically, comets have diameters of a few kilometres, shapes not necessarily
- spherical, are not very dense, and are composed of ice and rocky material. When
- far from the Sun a comet is only a dark object in dark space. When it approaches
- the Sun's vicinity, it becomes visible. Evaporation of the nucleus' material
- generates the coma, a gaseous envelope up to thousands of kilometres long. The
- coma and the nucleus together form the head of the comet. The tail forms later,
- when solar heating evaporates the head. The material flowing out of the head
- forms a tail millions of kilometres long. Due to the solar wind and the Sun's
- radiation pressure the tail is always directed away from the Sun.
-
- In Aristotle's time comets were thought to be atmospheric phenomena. Only Tycho Brahe proved that the comet of
- 1577 moved in superlunar space. The first to realize the periodic nature of comets was Edmond Halley (left).
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